Speaker
Description
[Problems]
People have a desires to own coastal landscapes. The purpose of zoning is for land to be used in a way that enables all people to access coastal spaces and be safe from the impacts of climate change. According to prior studies, coasts are structurally vulnerable to flooding, and it is important to secure disaster-preventive area by zoning.
However, in many coastal cities in South Korea, zoning is used to privatize coastal landscapes, and preserve personal property, which puts people at risk. As development progresses, residential buildings aggressively encroach on the coast. Every year, the government invests considerable amount of money in disaster prevention to protect residents’ property. But what if zoning had been carried out correctly from the beginning?
Most previous research has focused on the choices and risk perceptions of people who decided to reside on the coast despite the risks. However, if land-use regulations had not been relaxed, demand would have been controlled. This study uses the landscape index to analyze how land-use deregulation affects sprawl and how much the risk increases.
[Research Methodology]
The study area of this paper covers highly developed coastal areas in Busan, South Korea. Busan is the second-largest city in South Korea and the most popular with coastal tourism. Additionally, high-rise building development is actively taking place adjacent to the Busan coast. In this study, we traced the zoning changes along the coast, which has been rapidly developing since the mid-2000s.
Based on the correlation between fragmented development and sprawl, we analyzed the impact of land use deregulation on sprawl and disaster exposure. The analysis used geo-coded data for 26,000 grids of 200m*200m. The impact of land use regulation relaxation on fragmentation index and disaster exposure index was analyzed through multiple regression, and the development spread pattern according to fragmentation type was presented. In addition, MANOVA was performed on variables that were found to be significant to analyze the differences according to coastal proximity.
[Findings]
As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that deregulation was the cause of fragmented development in many aspects such as the area of development relaxation and the number of development relaxation cases, which had a direct effect on sprawl. And the degree of effect was different depending on coastal proximity. In addition, it was found that development due to the relaxation of land use regulations increased exposure to disasters.
[Conclusion and Discussion]
Three implications can be derived from the results of this study. First, the relaxation of zoning not only puts many people at risk but also encourages private use of public resources. Second, the coast satisfies both aesthetic preferences and economic interests. It is evident that if land use regulations are relaxed, people’s demands will become concentrated at coast. Third, The results of this study suggest that the continuous deregulation has an impact on coastal development expansion and, furthermore, on development that could be a threat in the era of climate change. This result can be used as a basis for future urban planning decisions.
References
Bovet, J., Reese, M. and Köck, W. (2018). Taming expansive land use dynamics – Sustainable land use regulation and urban sprawl in a comparative perspective. Land Use Policy, 77, pp.837–845. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.03.024.
Tang, J., Wang, L. and Yao, Z. (2006). Analyzing Urban Sprawl Spatial Fragmentation Using Multi-temporal Satellite Images. GIScience & Remote Sensing, 43(3), pp.218–232. doi:https://doi.org/10.2747/1548-1603.43.3.218.
| Keywords | Flood, Sprawl, Fragmentation index, Land use planning |
|---|---|
| Best Congress Paper Award | Yes |
