Speaker
Description
Neoliberalism began to manifest itself towards the end of the 1970s with the decline in the profitability of industrial production, which rose during the modernism period, and the crisis of Keynesian social welfare structures that envisaged state intervention in the economic sphere (Clarke, 2005; Bahceci, 2017). The state is not at the centre as in modernism, but only in a regulatory role, creating an institutional framework and protecting this mechanism by ensuring the proper functioning of the market (Smith, 2002; Brenner vd., 2005; Thedore vd., 2012; Harvey, 2015). The fact that decision-making mechanisms are oriented towards the market and continuous growth has brought along a process driven by the market, and historical areas have been commodified in this process (Brenner et al., 2005; 102). The spatial impact of neoliberal policies in Turkey and Istanbul, especially after the 2000s, has shown its effect on historical areas and the conservation perspective has been ignored with a market-oriented approach with neoliberal policies. Historic areas have been demolished with decisions focused solely on physical space to meet the interests of capital, regardless of their socio-economic value.
In our country, neoliberal policies and practices that ignore the conservation perspective with a market-oriented approach are encountered. Some of these practices are encountered through legal regulations (the areas protected as protected sites under the protection law no. 2863 are declared as renovation areas with the law no. 5366 and they are implemented as a new type of intervention) and some of them are encountered through change of function in the areas to be protected due to their high economic return.
Bu müdahalelerin birçoğu İstanbul'da ve özellikle ulusal ve uluslararası koruma altında olan Tarihi Yarımada'da örneklenebilir. Bu durum uluslararası koruma yaklaşımlarının da göz ardı edildiğini ortaya koymaktadır. In the 19th century, technicist planning, which tried to solve the problems of cities physically, still continues today. Rejection of the conservation approach due to economic concerns is not acceptable at the point where the planning discipline has reached today. This is because international organisations, especially UNESCO, emphasise that development should be considered together with urban conservation (see: Recommendation On The Historic Urban Landscape, 2011).
Cultural heritage sites are non-renewable and irreversible. Therefore, conservation legislation as a basis for protection should be integrated into today's international literature and comprehensively define all components of protection. Practices should be integrated with the socio-economic and physical environment. The protection and conservation of historic cities can be shaped according to the dynamics and needs of the city. It can be said that there are three perspectives on urban interventions in the world: pure conservation, conservation to respond to development needs, and pure demolition. However, while intervening in historical areas, a sustainable approach should be adopted with a conservation perspective and by following the conservation literature. Within the scope of the study, how legislation and legal regulations affecting historical sites can be improved in the light of international protection documents will be discussed.
References
Law no. 2863 on the Conservation of Cultural and Natural Property (O.G. 23.07.1983/ 18113)
Law no. 5366 on Conservation by Renovation and Use by Revitalization of the Deteriorated Historical and Cultural Immovable Property (O.G. 05.07.2005/ 25866)
Clarke, S. (2005). “The Neoliberal Theory of Society”, Alfredo Saad-Filho ve Deborah Johnston (eds.), Neoliberalism A Critical Reader, Pluto Press, London. COE (2000). European Convention on Landscape.
Bahceci, H. I. (2017). Urban Transformation as the Manifestation of Neoliberalism in Urban Space. Journal of International Management, Educational and Economics Perspectives, 5 (1), pp 36-47.
Smith, N. (2002) New Globalism, New Urbanism: Gentrification as Global Urban Strategy. Antipode, 34 (3), pp427–450. DOI:10.1111/1467-8330.00249.
Brenner, N. and Thedeore, N. (2005). Neoliberalism and the urban condition. City: analysis of urban trends, culture, theory, policy, action, 9 (1), pp 101-107.
Thedeodore, N., Peck, J., Brenner, N. (2012). Neoliberal Urbanism: Cities and the Rule of Markets (Trans. Genis, S.), Idealkent, 7, pp 21-37.
Harvey, D. (2015). A Brief History of Neoliberalism (3. bs.). (Trans. A. Onacak). Istanbul; Sel Publication. (Publication date of the original work 2005).
UNESCO (2011). Recommendation On The Historic Urban Landscape.
| Keywords | Neoliberal Policies; Historical Areas; Legal Impact; Institutional Impact |
|---|---|
| Best Congress Paper Award | Yes |
