Speaker
Description
With the significant growth of urban populations, cities are expanding rapidly, making urban sprawl a critical global challenge that necessitates urgent attention in policy agendas. This trend leads to various negative outcomes, such as increased energy consumption from a heightened reliance on automobiles, elevated levels of air and water pollution, and severe traffic congestion that hinders mobility. The environmental affects are also significant, as ecological disruption frequently endangers local ecosystems and biodiversity. Therefore, addressing these interconnected issues is vital for fostering sustainable urban development and enhancing the quality of life for urban residents. In light of these challenges, Professor Carlos Moreno introduced the innovative urban planning concept known as the 15-Minute City in 2016, designed to address these concerns. The 15-Minute City aims to foster sustainable neighborhoods, allowing residents to conveniently access essential services and facilities within a 15-minute walk or other sustainable transportation modes from their homes. This idea is rooted in chrono-urbanism, which argues that the quality of urban life declines as the time and financial resources devoted to transportation increase (Moreno et al., 2016; Moreno et al., 2021). The adoption of this concept is projected to lead to improvements in transportation efficiency, a reduction in pollution generated by automobiles, and a significant transformation of urban environments (Olivari et al., 2023). The 15-Minute City concept, has garnered considerable attention from scholars, and its definition and scope have continued to evolve. Cities in Europe and Asia, which generally feature higher population densities, are more likely to adopt the 15-Minute City model. In contrast, urban areas in the United States and Australia often implement the 20-Minute City concept due to their lower suburban densities (Staricco, 2022). Furthermore, there are various time-based urban models, such as the 1-Minute City in Stockholm, the 5-Minute City in Barcelona, and the 30-Minute City in Sydney (Pinto and Akhavan, 2021). These varied concepts highlight a range of methodologies for characterizing urban environments under Moreno's innovative framework. All share a common objective: to create sustainable and accessible urban spaces based on the principle of hyper-proximity, which asserts that basic necessities should be reachable within a specified travel time from an individual's location (Logan et al., 2022).
This study employs spatial analyses within a GIS framework, incorporating machine learning algorithms to evaluate the effectiveness of potential 15-Minute City zones in a specific district. A machine learning algorithm, such as DBSCAN, is used during the neighborhood selection process to accurately represent building density. Eleven categories are identified to generate performance metrics: education, food, daily essentials, public spaces, small industrial areas, cultural facilities, healthcare services, social infrastructure, community services, commerce and economy, and transportation. The significance of these categories is assessed using the entropy weight method. The study area is organized into grids, which will be tested for their shapes and dimensions to accurately represent land cover/ land use. Additionally, a digital elevation model will be utilized to assess walkability. The performance values for each zone will be evaluated based on established categories, using objective weighting methods to ensure a thorough analysis. These concepts will be applied in the Küçükçekmece district of İstanbul, Türkiye due to the engagement of this district in 15-Minute City projects. By employing robust techniques and high-granularity data from reputable open-access sources, this research will help rank potential neighborhoods for a 15-Minute City within the selected district.
References
Logan, T.M., Hobbs, M.H., Conrow, L.C., Reid, N.L., Young, R.A. and Anderson, M.J. (2022). The x-minute city: Measuring the 10, 15, 20-minute city and an evaluation of its use for sustainable urban design. Cities, 131(131), p.103924. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103924.
Moreno, C. (2016). La ville du quart d’heure : pour un nouveau chrono-urbanisme. [online] La Tribune. Available at: https://www.latribune.fr/regions/smart-cities/la-tribune-de-carlos-moreno/la-ville-du-quart-d-heure-pour-un-nouveau-chrono-urbanisme-604358.html.
Moreno, C., Allam, Z., Chabaud, D., Gall, C. and Pratlong, F. (2021). Introducing the ‘15-Minute City’: Sustainability, Resilience and Place Identity in Future Post-Pandemic Cities. Smart Cities, [online] 4(1), pp.93–111. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities4010006.
Olivari, B., Cipriano, P., Napolitano, M. and Giovannini, L. (2023). Are Italian cities already 15-minute? Presenting the Next Proximity Index: A novel and scalable way to measure it, based on open data. Journal of Urban Mobility, [online] 4, p.100057. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urbmob.2023.100057.
Pinto, F. (2021). Scenarios for a Post-Pandemic City: urban planning strategies and challenges of making ‘Milan 15-minutes city’. European Transport/Trasporti Europei, (85), pp.1–15. doi:https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2021.85.12.
Staricco, L. (2022). 15-, 10- or 5-minute city? A focus on accessibility to services in Turin, Italy. Journal of Urban Mobility, 2, p.100030. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urbmob.2022.100030.
| Keywords | 15-Minute Cities; Accessibility; GIS; Machine Learning; Performance Metrics |
|---|---|
| Best Congress Paper Award | Yes |
