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With the rapid advancement of contemporary society, urban residents are increasingly demanding a better quality of life. Recreational services offered by ecological public spaces play an essential role in enhancing collective human well-being. However, given the rapid economic growth, rising levels of urbanization, and swift population expansion, the imbalance between the demand and supply of these recreational services has become increasingly evident. Significant disparities have emerged in the quality of recreational services accessible to residents in different locations, giving rise to certain inequalities that run counter to our pursuit of social equity. Moreover, there is a notable dearth of research on the supply–demand relationship of recreational services, and studies focusing on changes in this relationship across various urban administrative districts are virtually absent. To address these issues and achieve social inclusivity and balance in ecological public spaces, this study conducts an in-depth examination of the supply–demand relationship of recreational services. Such an investigation holds significant theoretical and practical value for rationally planning and managing ecological land within a given region, promoting social equity in recreational services, and advancing ecological civilization.
Taking Nanjing, Jiangsu Province (China), as the study area, this research integrates 30-meter land use raster data with spatial population data and adopts a 1 km × 1 km grid structure as the primary standard of analysis. Five distinct modes of travel—walking, bicycling, electric cycling, public transit, and driving—are thoroughly investigated. In this process, three service radii of 2 km, 5 km, and 10 km are selected for evaluating the accessibility of ecological land. It is assumed that ecological land within the specified radius of a particular grid cell can provide various recreation and entertainment opportunities to local residents. Meanwhile, residents of that grid cell are also entitled to make use of the entire ecological land area within that radius, thereby allowing the quantification of the supply of recreational services. A per capita ecological land standard of 60 m²/person is set as a measure of demand, and then these two metrics are combined by employing the supply–demand ratio (R) to quantify the balance between the supply of and demand for recreational services. Furthermore, spatial distribution characteristics of the supply–demand relationship in each administrative district of Nanjing are examined across different service radii.
The results indicate that: (1) In 2020, the supply–demand relationship of recreational services in Nanjing exhibited distinct spatial distribution characteristics, with a pronounced mismatch between areas of high demand and high supply. (2) As the service radius in Nanjing increased from 2 km to 10 km, a significant improvement in the overall supply–demand relationship was observed. This improvement is primarily reflected in a decreasing extent of deficit areas and a continuous decline in the population whose recreational needs remain unmet. (3) In light of the variations in the supply–demand relationships in different administrative districts across multiple service radii, four types of areas were identified: local-satisfaction, medium-range satisfaction, long-range satisfaction, and unsatisfied. Furthermore, for each of these four categories of regions characterized by distinct recreational service supply–demand relationships, targeted planning recommendations were proposed to enhance equity in ecological public spaces.
In the context of growing emphasis on fairness and justice in public spaces, this study proposes the judicious planning of ecological public spaces and the enhancement of decentralized management of regional ecological land. Meanwhile, it is crucial to strengthen ecological compensation and economic cooperation among various administrative regions to achieve a balanced supply–demand relationship for recreational services within ecological spaces, uphold fairness and inclusivity in ecological public spaces, and embody the principles of sustainable development.
| Keywords | ecological public space,；equity；recreational service; supply and demand relationships |
|---|---|
| Best Congress Paper Award | No |
