Speaker
Description
Informal settlements are a global issue affecting many countries, including Jakarta. Ongoing urbanization and socio-economic changes have accelerated the development of these settlements in recent decades (UN Habitat, 2021; Cinnamon & Noth, 2023). Informal settlements are complex in both their composition and the social relationships within them; they are neither homogeneous nor well-organized (Smit, 2006; Misselhorn, 2008; Brown-Luthango et al., 2017). These areas are often unplanned, with residents facing insecure land tenure, which limits their access to essential services prior to government intervention (Cirolia, L.R et al., 2016; Weimann & Oni, 2019).
The growth of informal settlements is closely linked to urban expansion, and after extensive debate, urban regeneration has been recognized as a potential solution (Amoda, 2016). Urban regeneration is a comprehensive approach that contributes to sustainable development by redeveloping urban land and reusing resources. It aims to improve the physical and functional spaces of cities, enhancing social, economic, and environmental outcomes (Korkmaz & Balaban, 2020; Liu et al., 2023).
One example of urban regeneration is the Kampung Deret initiative in Petogogan, Kebayoran Baru, South Jakarta, which aims to improve informal settlements. This initiative was driven by the "Assistance for Home Improvement in Slum Settlements through Kampung Structuring" policy, established under Governor Regulation No. 64 of 2013. The policy focuses on improving physical environments, including housing, infrastructure, and public utilities, ensuring alignment with residential development standards. The Kampung Deret project includes repairing housing components and expanding homes to meet livability standards in targeted slum areas.
While most international and national literature focuses on the periods before and during these improvements, this paper seeks to assess the long-term impact of housing interventions on community structures and governance patterns after the improvements. The main research question is: What is the impact of housing improvement in slum settlements through the Kampung Deret Petogogan initiative? How have the physical environment, social dynamics, community cohesion, economic regeneration, and regulations evolved before and after the improvements, using an urban regeneration approach?
This study employs an ex-post evaluation approach, which allows for a more accurate measurement of a program’s impact. Ex-post evaluation, conducted after program completion, enables a comprehensive and holistic analysis of the program's outcomes (Wollman, 2007; Kawengian & Rares, 2015; Abraham & Mahany, 2021). The primary objective is to determine whether the program's outputs, results, and impacts have effectively addressed the initial problems. Additionally, it evaluates the efficiency, effectiveness, and overall benefits of the program (Abraham & Mahany, 2021). Evaluation research plays a crucial role in determining the future of programs by providing recommendations on whether they should be continued or replicated in other areas.
The first step in this research is a systematic review of relevant literature. Secondary data is gathered from existing documents, such as the Kampung Deret development plans. The study adopts a case study approach, incorporating field research that includes interviews with key informants, direct observations, and household surveys. Focus group discussions (FGD) will also be held with key figures, government officials, NGO staff, and academics. The research utilizes a comparative methodology with a before-and-after design. The analysis focuses on the impact over a 10-year period following the improvements.
Keywords: Informal Settlement, Upgrading, Regeneration,
References
Cinnamon, J., Noth, T., 2023. Spatiotemporal development of informal settlements in Cape Town, 2000 to 2020: An open data approach. Habitat International 133, 102753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2023.102753
French, M., Popal, A., Rahimi, H., Popuri, S., Turkstra, J., 2019. Institutionalizing participatory slum upgrading: a case study of urban co-production from Afghanistan, 2002–2016. Environment and Urbanization 31, 209–230. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247818791043
Meth, P., Buthelezi, S., Rajasekhar, S., 2019. Gendered il/legalities of housing formalisation in India and South Africa. Environ Plan A 51, 1068–1088. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X18792898
Ntema, J., Massey, R., Marais, L., Cloete, J., Lenka, M., 2018. Informal settlement upgrading in South Africa: beneficiaries’ perceptions over nearly twenty-five years. Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability 11, 460–479. https://doi.org/10.1080/17549175.2018.1484792
Pojani, D., 2019. The self-built city: theorizing urban design of informal settlements. ARCH 13, 294–313. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARCH-11-2018-0004
Weimann, A., Oni, T., 2019. A Systematised Review of the Health Impact of Urban Informal Settlements and Implications for Upgrading Interventions in South Africa, a Rapidly Urbanising Middle-Income Country. IJERPH 16, 3608. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193608
| Keywords | Informal Settlement, Upgrading, Regeneration |
|---|---|
| Best Congress Paper Award | Yes |
